What term describes a condition that increases the likelihood of a loss from a peril?

The correct term for a condition that increases the likelihood of a loss from a peril is "hazard." In insurance terminology, a hazard pertains to anything that makes the occurrence of a peril more likely. Hazards can be physical, like a poorly maintained property that has a higher chance of fire due to hazardous conditions, or they can be moral, pertaining to a person's actions that can increase risk, like fraud.

Understanding hazards is crucial in the context of insurance because they directly influence the underwriting process and the determination of premiums. By identifying and managing hazards, insurers can better calculate risk and set appropriate coverage terms.